Colombia’s Superintendency of Industry and Commerce (SIC) has launched an antitrust investigation into Apple’s App Store policies, alleging that the company’s practices may violate the nation’s competition laws. This move positions Colombia alongside other countries scrutinizing Apple’s control over app distribution and in-app payment systems.
Allegations Against Apple
The SIC contends that Apple enforces contractual clauses that compel developers to distribute their applications exclusively through the App Store. This requirement effectively prohibits the creation or distribution of apps via alternative platforms, potentially establishing a monopoly in the digital distribution market. Such practices are suspected to contravene Decree 2153 of 1992, which governs competition in Colombia.
Furthermore, the SIC alleges that Apple restricts developers from offering users alternative payment methods for in-app purchases. By mandating the use of its proprietary payment system, Apple imposes fees ranging from 15% to 30% on transactions. This policy not only increases costs for developers but may also lead to higher prices for consumers, as these fees are often passed down.
Impact on Developers and Consumers
The SIC argues that Apple’s policies create artificial barriers that hinder the entry and sustainability of new developers within the iOS and iPadOS ecosystems. By limiting distribution channels and enforcing specific payment methods, Apple may be stifling innovation and reducing consumer choice. Additionally, these restrictions could degrade the user experience by denying access to potentially more affordable or convenient payment options.
Global Context of Antitrust Scrutiny
Colombia’s investigation is part of a broader global trend of regulatory bodies examining Apple’s App Store practices. In Spain, the National Commission of Markets and Competition (CNMC) expanded its probe into Apple’s App Store in July 2025, focusing on whether the company imposes unfair commercial conditions on developers, including adherence to a specific pricing schedule. The CNMC expressed concerns that such practices could restrict competition among companies, potentially violating European Union laws.
Similarly, the European Union’s Digital Markets Act (DMA) has identified Apple as a gatekeeper, imposing strict rules to prevent anti-competitive practices. The DMA mandates that Apple allow users to uninstall preloaded first-party apps and prohibits self-preferencing strategies that could disadvantage smaller developers.
In the United States, the Department of Justice filed an antitrust lawsuit against Apple in March 2024, alleging that the company illegally monopolized the smartphone market. The lawsuit accuses Apple of diminishing the functionality of non-Apple smartwatches, limiting access to contactless payment for third-party digital wallets, and restricting encrypted messaging with competing platforms.
Potential Outcomes and Apple’s Response
If the SIC’s investigation concludes that Apple has violated Colombian competition laws, the company may be required to alter its App Store policies within the country. This could include allowing alternative app distribution platforms and permitting developers to use different payment systems for in-app purchases.
Apple has consistently defended its App Store policies, asserting that they ensure a safe and trusted experience for users while providing a lucrative business opportunity for developers. The company maintains that its commission fees are justified by the value and security it offers through its platform.
Broader Implications for the Tech Industry
The outcome of Colombia’s investigation, along with similar probes worldwide, could have significant implications for the tech industry. A ruling against Apple may set a precedent for how digital marketplaces operate, potentially leading to increased competition, innovation, and consumer choice. Conversely, it could also raise concerns about security and quality control within app ecosystems.
As regulatory bodies continue to scrutinize the practices of major tech companies, the balance between fostering innovation, ensuring fair competition, and protecting consumer interests remains a pivotal issue. The developments in Colombia’s investigation will be closely watched by industry stakeholders and policymakers worldwide.
