Article Title:
VolkLocker Ransomware’s Fatal Flaw: Hard-Coded Master Key Enables Free Decryption
In August 2025, the pro-Russian hacktivist group CyberVolk, also known as GLORIAMIST, introduced a new ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) platform named VolkLocker. This ransomware, developed in the Go programming language (Golang), is designed to target both Windows and Linux operating systems.
Operational Mechanics of VolkLocker
To deploy VolkLocker, operators are required to input specific parameters, including a Bitcoin address, Telegram bot token ID, Telegram chat ID, encryption deadline, desired file extension, and self-destruct options. Once executed, the ransomware attempts to escalate its privileges and conducts a thorough reconnaissance of the infected system. This includes checking the system’s MAC address against known virtualization vendors such as Oracle and VMware. Subsequently, it enumerates all available drives and identifies files for encryption based on its embedded configuration.
VolkLocker employs AES-256 encryption in Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) to secure files, utilizing Golang’s crypto/rand package. Encrypted files are appended with custom extensions like .locked or .cvolk.
Critical Vulnerability: Hard-Coded Master Key
A significant flaw in VolkLocker’s design has been identified: the ransomware’s master keys are hard-coded within the binaries. These keys are used universally to encrypt all files on a victim’s system. Moreover, the master key is saved in plaintext in the %TEMP% directory, specifically at C:\Users\AppData\Local\Temp\system_backup.key. This backup key file is not deleted post-encryption, allowing victims to recover their files without paying the ransom.
Additional Features and Threats
Beyond encryption, VolkLocker exhibits behaviors typical of ransomware strains. It modifies Windows Registry settings to hinder recovery and analysis, deletes volume shadow copies, and terminates processes related to Microsoft Defender Antivirus and other analysis tools.
A distinctive feature of VolkLocker is its enforcement timer. If victims fail to pay the ransom within 48 hours or enter the incorrect decryption key three times, the ransomware wipes the contents of user folders, including Documents, Desktop, Downloads, and Pictures.
RaaS Operations and Pricing
CyberVolk manages its RaaS operations through Telegram, offering the following pricing structure:
– Windows or Linux version: $800 to $1,100
– Both operating systems: $1,600 to $2,200
The VolkLocker payloads come equipped with built-in Telegram automation for command-and-control purposes. This allows operators to communicate with victims, initiate file decryption, list active victims, and retrieve system information.
Expansion of CyberVolk’s Offerings
As of November 2025, CyberVolk has expanded its suite of malicious tools to include a remote access trojan and a keylogger, each priced at $500. This diversification indicates a broadening of their monetization strategies.
Background on CyberVolk
CyberVolk launched its RaaS platform in June 2024. The group is known for conducting distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) and ransomware attacks targeting public and government entities, aligning with Russian government interests. Despite facing repeated bans and channel removals on Telegram throughout 2025, CyberVolk has managed to reestablish its operations and expand its service offerings.
Implications for Cybersecurity
The discovery of VolkLocker’s hard-coded master key underscores the importance of thorough security assessments and code reviews in ransomware development. For victims, this flaw provides a means to decrypt files without succumbing to ransom demands. However, the presence of an enforcement timer that can delete critical user data adds a layer of urgency and complexity to the situation.
CyberVolk’s use of Telegram for managing its RaaS operations reflects a broader trend among politically motivated threat actors. These groups continue to lower the barriers for deploying ransomware while leveraging platforms that offer convenient infrastructure for criminal activities.
Conclusion
The emergence of VolkLocker highlights the evolving landscape of ransomware threats. While the hard-coded master key presents a significant vulnerability that can be exploited for decryption, the ransomware’s additional features pose substantial risks to victims. Organizations must remain vigilant, implement robust cybersecurity measures, and stay informed about the latest threats to effectively protect their systems and data.
