In a significant policy reversal, Nepal has lifted its recent ban on major social media platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and X (formerly Twitter). This decision comes in response to widespread protests that have resulted in at least 19 fatalities and over 100 injuries.
Background of the Ban
On August 25, 2025, Nepal’s Ministry of Communication and Information Technology issued a directive requiring foreign social media companies to register their operations within the country and appoint a local representative within seven days. When the majority of these platforms failed to comply by the September 1 deadline, the government enforced a ban on 26 social media services, including popular platforms like Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and X. Notably, TikTok and Viber were exempt from the ban, as they had already adhered to the registration requirements.
Public Outcry and Protests
The ban sparked immediate and intense backlash, particularly among Nepal’s youth. On September 8, thousands of students, many in their school uniforms, took to the streets across the nation to demand the restoration of access to these platforms. The demonstrations escalated into violent confrontations with security forces, leading to the deaths of at least 19 protesters and injuries to more than 100 individuals.
Government’s Response and Reversal
In light of the escalating violence and mounting public pressure, Communications and Information Technology Minister Prithvi Subba Gurung announced late on September 8 that the government had decided to lift the social media ban. Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli addressed the nation, attributing the violence to infiltrators but emphasizing that the government was receptive to the concerns of the younger generation.
International Reactions
The international community expressed significant concern over Nepal’s initial decision to impose the ban and the subsequent handling of the protests. The United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights urged Nepalese authorities to uphold the rights to peaceful assembly and freedom of expression. Similarly, human rights organizations like Amnesty International condemned the ban and the government’s response to the demonstrations.
Broader Context
This incident is part of a larger pattern of governmental efforts to regulate digital platforms within Nepal. Earlier in 2025, the government proposed a social media bill that included provisions for imprisonment and fines for content deemed contrary to national sovereignty or interest. This proposal faced significant public opposition and is still pending approval.
Conclusion
The swift reversal of the social media ban underscores the influential role of public opinion and the power of digital platforms in Nepalese society. While the government’s initial intent was to enforce regulatory compliance among foreign social media companies, the resulting public outcry and tragic loss of life have highlighted the complexities involved in balancing regulation with the fundamental rights of freedom of expression and access to information.
