In a landmark decision, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals has unanimously upheld a previous ruling against Google, affirming that the tech giant’s Play Store operations violate antitrust laws. This verdict marks a significant victory for Epic Games, the creator of the popular game Fortnite, and sets a precedent for the future of app distribution on Android devices.
Background of the Case
The legal battle began in 2020 when Epic Games filed a lawsuit against Google, alleging that the company was monopolizing app distribution and in-app payment processes on Android devices. Epic contended that Google’s practices stifled competition by preventing alternative app stores from operating effectively, thereby maintaining its dominance and collecting substantial commissions—ranging from 15% to 30%—on in-app transactions.
In December 2023, a jury sided with Epic Games, leading U.S. District Judge James Donato to mandate significant reforms to Google’s Play Store. These reforms included allowing third-party app stores within the Play Store and sharing its app catalog with competitors. Google appealed this decision, arguing that such changes would compromise user safety and innovation.
The Appeals Court Decision
On July 31, 2025, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals rejected Google’s appeal, affirming the lower court’s findings. The court’s decision emphasized that Google’s practices had indeed suppressed competition and harmed consumers and developers alike. This ruling requires Google to implement the previously mandated reforms, thereby opening the Android ecosystem to greater competition and providing users with more choices for app downloads and in-app purchases.
Implications for the Tech Industry
This decision has far-reaching implications for the tech industry, particularly concerning how major companies operate their app stores and manage in-app payment systems. By upholding the ruling, the court has signaled a move towards increased scrutiny of tech giants and their control over digital marketplaces.
Reactions from Stakeholders
Epic Games CEO Tim Sweeney celebrated the decision, stating that it paves the way for the Epic Games Store to join the Play Store. This development is seen as a significant step towards fostering a more competitive environment in the app distribution market.
Conversely, Google expressed concerns about the ruling’s impact on user safety and innovation. Lee-Anne Mulholland, Google’s vice president of regulatory affairs, stated that the decision will significantly harm user safety, limit choice, and undermine the innovation that has always been central to the Android ecosystem. Google has indicated plans to continue appealing the ruling, potentially taking the case to the U.S. Supreme Court.
Broader Context
This case is part of a broader antitrust crackdown on major tech companies. Previous rulings have designated Google’s search engine and digital advertising systems as monopolies, with potential forced divestitures under consideration. Similarly, Apple has faced legal challenges regarding its App Store practices, with courts requiring the company to allow alternative payment systems.
Conclusion
The upholding of the ruling against Google represents a pivotal moment in the ongoing debate over antitrust practices in the tech industry. It underscores the judiciary’s willingness to challenge the dominance of major tech companies and promote a more competitive and open digital marketplace. As Google contemplates its next steps, the tech industry will be closely watching the potential ripple effects of this decision on app distribution and in-app payment systems.
