In a landmark decision, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has upheld a 2023 jury verdict declaring Google’s Android Play Store an illegal monopoly. This ruling mandates significant reforms to Google’s app distribution practices, paving the way for the Epic Games Store to be available directly through the Google Play Store.
Background of the Legal Battle
The conflict between Epic Games and Google began in August 2020 when Epic introduced a direct payment system in its popular game, Fortnite, bypassing Google’s in-app purchase mechanisms. This move led to Fortnite’s removal from the Play Store and initiated a legal battle over Google’s control of Android app distribution and payment systems. Epic accused Google of monopolistic practices that stifled competition and innovation.
In December 2023, a federal jury sided with Epic, finding that Google’s Play Store and its billing system operated as an illegal monopoly. The court ordered Google to implement changes, including allowing third-party app stores within the Play Store and permitting developers to direct users to alternative payment systems.
Court of Appeals Decision
Google appealed the 2023 verdict, but on July 31, 2025, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals unanimously upheld the original decision. Judge M. Margaret McKeown cited longstanding principles of trial procedure, antitrust, and injunctive remedies in the ruling. This decision reinforces the requirement for Google to open its Play Store to rival app stores and alternative payment methods.
Implications for the Epic Games Store
Following the court’s decision, Epic Games CEO Tim Sweeney announced that the Epic Games Store would soon be available on the Google Play Store. This development eliminates the need for users to sideload the app, making it more accessible to a broader audience. Sweeney described the verdict as a total victory for Epic, emphasizing the importance of fair competition in the digital marketplace.
Google’s Response and Future Actions
In response to the ruling, Google expressed concerns that the mandated changes could compromise user safety and limit innovation within the Android ecosystem. The company stated its intention to appeal the decision to the U.S. Supreme Court, aiming to overturn the injunctions imposed by the lower courts.
Broader Industry Impact
The court’s decision has significant implications for the tech industry, particularly concerning app store policies and competition. It sets a precedent for increased scrutiny of app store practices and may encourage other developers to challenge restrictive policies. Additionally, this ruling aligns with global regulatory efforts to promote fair competition in digital markets.
Conclusion
The affirmation of the 2023 verdict by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals marks a pivotal moment in the ongoing debate over app store monopolies and developer rights. As the Epic Games Store prepares to launch on the Google Play Store, the tech industry watches closely to see how this decision will influence future app distribution practices and the balance of power between platform holders and developers.
