Critical Vulnerability in Apache Syncope Exposes User Passwords
A significant security vulnerability has been identified in Apache Syncope, an open-source identity and access management system. This flaw, designated as CVE-2025-65998, arises from the use of a hardcoded default encryption key for password storage, potentially allowing attackers with database access to decrypt and recover plaintext user passwords.
Understanding the Vulnerability
Apache Syncope offers administrators the option to store user passwords in its internal database using AES encryption. However, when this feature is enabled, the system relies on a default encryption key embedded directly within the source code. This design oversight means that if an attacker gains access to the database, they can utilize the publicly known default key to decrypt stored passwords, thereby compromising user accounts.
Scope of Impact
The vulnerability affects Apache Syncope versions prior to 3.0.15 and 4.0.3. It’s important to note that the AES password encryption feature is not enabled by default. Therefore, only instances where administrators have specifically activated this feature are at risk. Encrypted plain attributes within Syncope, which use a separate AES encryption mechanism, remain secure and are not impacted by this issue.
Technical Details
– CVE ID: CVE-2025-65998
– Vulnerability Title: Apache Syncope Hardcoded Encryption Key Allows Password Recovery
– Affected Component: Apache Syncope (org.apache.syncope.core:syncope-core-spring)
– Vulnerability Type: Use of Hardcoded Cryptographic Key (CWE-798)
– Impact: Confidentiality Breach – Password Recovery
– CVSS v3.1 Base Score: 7.5 (High)
Potential Risks
The primary risk associated with this vulnerability is the unauthorized access to user credentials. An attacker with database access can decrypt stored passwords, leading to potential unauthorized access to user accounts. This is particularly concerning for organizations managing large user bases or handling sensitive identity data, as it could result in widespread credential theft and subsequent security breaches.
Recommended Actions
Organizations utilizing Apache Syncope should take the following steps to mitigate this vulnerability:
1. Identify Affected Systems: Determine if your Syncope deployment has the AES password encryption feature enabled.
2. Upgrade to Patched Versions: Apache has released patched versions addressing this vulnerability. Administrators should upgrade to version 3.0.15 or 4.0.3, which resolve the issue by eliminating the use of the hardcoded encryption key.
3. Review Encryption Configurations: After upgrading, verify that the encryption configurations are correctly set and that no default keys are in use.
4. Conduct Password Audits: Perform audits to identify any compromised credentials and enforce password changes where necessary.
5. Enhance Security Measures: Implement additional security controls, such as monitoring database access logs and restricting database access to authorized personnel only.
Conclusion
The discovery of CVE-2025-65998 underscores the critical importance of secure encryption practices in identity management systems. Organizations using Apache Syncope must promptly assess their configurations and apply the necessary updates to safeguard user credentials against potential exploitation.
