[April-07-2025] Daily Cybersecurity Threat Report

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Executive Summary

April 7, 2025 saw a surge in global cyber incidents driven by coordinated hacktivist campaigns and criminal threat actors. Hacktivist groups aligned with the annual #OpIsrael operation escalated DDoS attacks against Israeli government websites, consistent with warnings of increased anti-Israeli cyber activity around this date. A total of 50 separate incidents were recorded, with the majority being Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks (24), followed by data leaks (9), data breaches (6), defacements (5), initial access sales (4), and ransomware attacks (2).

Key threat actors included hacktivist groups such as AnonSec, Keymous+, and AnonPioneers, who primarily targeted Israeli institutions, as well as data traders like “dumpster” and “shellshop” peddling stolen data and access credentials. Notably, Israel was the top victim country (16 incidents) — particularly government sites — reflecting the anticipated #OpIsrael campaign. The United States and India also experienced multiple incidents, ranging from ransomware to data leaks. Government administration, especially in Israel and France, was the hardest-hit industry (11 incidents), followed by e-commerce and financial services.

Key Statistics:

  • Total Recorded Incidents: 50
  • Notable Victim Sectors: Government agencies, educational institutions, e-commerce platforms, financial services, and sports entertainment.
  • High-Impact Events:
    • Coordinated DDoS campaigns by pro-Palestinian hacktivists against Israeli government sites (Knesset, ministries, banks).
    • Major data breaches including a 70M-user Grubhub breach for sale and a Boulanger customer database leak (5.37M individuals).
    • Ransomware attacks on Andretti Indoor Karting & Games (1190 GB stolen) and Tawasol (Dubai IT firm) crippling 52 systems.

Overall Trends: April 7 aligns with historical hacktivist operations (like #OpIsrael on Holocaust Remembrance Day). This year’s campaign saw advanced Layer-7 DDoS attacks overwhelming legacy defenses, and multi-national hacktivist coalitions (e.g., Holy League) expanding target scopes to Israel’s allies. On the cybercrime front, threat actors monetized data at scale – selling millions of user records and illicit server accesses – reflecting a robust underground marketplace for corporate breaches and initial access. The Executive Summary is followed by detailed sections breaking down incidents by category.

DDoS Attacks

A wave of DDoS (Distributed Denial-of-Service) attacks on April 7 targeted government, financial, and corporate websites across Israel, India, Europe, and the U.S. Many of these attacks were claimed by hacktivist groups as part of coordinated campaigns like #OpIsrael 2025. Below, we detail each DDoS incident:

  • TEAM ARXU targets the website of Campus IL (Israel, Government Administration)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: TEAM ARXU (hacktivist group)
    Victim: Campus IL (Israeli government educational platform) – Site: campus.gov.il
    Description: TEAM ARXU claimed to have taken down the Campus IL website via DDoS (Team ARXU Hackers Launch Relentless Attacks on School and Bank Servers!) (Team ARXU Hackers Launch Relentless Attacks on School and Bank Servers!). This likely aligns with their known hacktivist activity against educational and government sites worldwide (Team ARXU Hackers Launch Relentless Attacks on School and Bank Servers!).
    Published URL: https://t.me/c/2323094552/66 (Telegram)
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/1c564236-ed54-4c74-b65e-47ebe7bf60cd.png
  • AnonSec targets the website of Israeli Ministry of Defense (Israel, Government Administration)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: AnonSec (Anonymous-affiliated hacktivist)
    Victim: Israel Ministry of Defense – Site: mod.gov.il
    Description: The Anonymous-affiliated subgroup AnonSec provided a check-host proof of the Ministry of Defense site’s downtime, claiming credit for a DDoS attack. This occurred amid warnings that Israeli defense and government sites would face hacktivist disruptions on April 7.
    Published URL: https://t.me/c/2389372004/135 (Telegram)
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/4027442f-6a75-4e7e-b4c0-0d78aeed3743.png
  • AnonSec targets the website of Knesset (Israel, Government Administration)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: AnonSec
    Victim: The Knesset (Israeli Parliament) – Site: knesset.gov.il
    Description: Another strike by AnonSec claimed to knock offline the Knesset’s official site. This aligns with past instances (e.g., May 2023) where hacktivists like “Anonymous Sudan” have DDoS’d the Knesset site. Israeli media had braced for such attacks, bolstering defenses around critical web services.
    Published URL: https://t.me/c/2389372004/135 (Telegram)
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/67e951af-2234-4a58-a6eb-1b2e8855c205.png
  • AnonSec targets the website of Israeli Ministry of Education (Israel, Government Administration)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: AnonSec
    Victim: Israel Ministry of Education – Site: Not specified (likely education.gov.il)
    Description: Continuing their campaign, AnonSec also claimed a DDoS on the Education Ministry. These repeated strikes underscore the hacktivist intent to disrupt daily life and government operations in Israel.
    Published URL: https://t.me/c/2389372004/135 (Telegram)
    Screenshot URL: (screenshot included in same proof as other AnonSec attacks above)
  • Keymous+ targets the website of “100 Years of Energy in Israel” (Israel, Energy Sector)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Keymous+ (hacktivist group)
    Victim: Centennial Energy Israel (100 Years of Energy event site) – Site: Unspecified domain
    Description: Hacktivist group Keymous+ launched a DDoS attack commemorating a century of energy in Israel, likely to protest or draw attention via the high-profile theme. Keymous+ has been active in targeting Israeli critical infrastructure websites (banks, utilities) as part of April 7 operations.
    Published URL: (likely Telegram or dark web, not explicitly provided)
    Screenshot URL: (not provided)
  • AnonSec targets the website of Israel Police (Israel, Law Enforcement)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: AnonSec
    Victim: Israel Police – Site: police.gov.il (assumed)
    Description: A DDoS attack claimed by AnonSec took down the Israel Police website. These actions coincide with hacktivist declarations to “erase Israel from the internet” on this day, a motif seen since OpIsrael’s inception in 2013.
    Published URL: (Telegram channel post, same as other AnonSec claims)
    Screenshot URL: (see AnonSec proof images above)
  • Keymous+ targets the website of Israel Science and Technology Directory (Israel, Research/Education)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Keymous+
    Victim: Israel Science & Technology Directory – Site: science.co.il
    Description: Keymous+ expanded their attack list to a science & tech portal in Israel, indicating a broad targeting of knowledge infrastructure. Modern DDoS tactics used by such groups have evolved (a 550% rise in Web DDoS in 2024), often outpacing older defenses and requiring behavioral AI mitigation.
    Published URL: (source likely Telegram)
    Screenshot URL: (not provided)
  • AnonSec targets the website of Mossad (Israel, Intelligence)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: AnonSec
    Victim: Mossad (Israeli Intelligence Agency) – Site: mossad.gov.il
    Description: Even Israel’s intelligence agency’s web presence wasn’t spared: AnonSec claimed to DDoS the Mossad site. While likely symbolic, such attacks aim to demonstrate reach. Israeli authorities often report these annual hacktivist attacks as largely nuisances with minimal lasting damage.
    Published URL: (Telegram proof link)
    Screenshot URL: (screenshot likely similar to prior AnonSec posts)
  • Keymous+ targets the website of SitePro (Israel, Software/IT)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Keymous+
    Victim: SitePro (Israeli software solutions firm) – Site: sitepro.co.il
    Description: SitePro’s site was hit by a DDoS from Keymous+, reflecting an expansion beyond government targets to private sector allies of Israel. OpIsrael 2025 messaging indeed expanded to include Israel’s global allies and businesses, aiming to maximize pressure.
    Published URL: (likely posted on a Telegram or forum)
    Screenshot URL: (not provided)
  • Keymous+ targets the website of Israel Electric Corporation (IEC) (Israel, Energy/Utilities)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Keymous+
    Victim: Israel Electric Corporation – Site: iec.co.il
    Description: As part of critical infrastructure targeting, Keymous+ claimed to disrupt IEC’s website. Power utilities are frequent targets during nation-focused cyber campaigns, though there were no reports of power disruptions, only the informational site outage.
    Published URL: (hacktivist channel, unspecified)
    Screenshot URL: (not listed)
  • Keymous+ targets the website of Israel Discount Bank Ltd. (Israel, Financial Services)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Keymous+
    Victim: Israel Discount Bank (one of Israel’s major banks) – Site: discountbank.co.il
    Description: Israeli financial institutions also faced DDoS attacks; Keymous+ boasted taking down Discount Bank’s site. Banks have been historical OpIsrael targets, though core banking operations usually remain unaffected. (No major transaction outages were noted publicly on this day.)
    Published URL: (via hacktivist social media)
    Screenshot URL: (not available)
  • Keymous+ targets the website of Union Bank of Israel Ltd. (Israel, Financial Services)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Keymous+
    Victim: Union Bank of Israel – Site: unionbank.co.il
    Description: Another financial target in Israel, Union Bank’s web services were disrupted by DDoS. These sequential attacks on banks aimed to sow inconvenience and signal the hackers’ capabilities, aligning with multi-target hacktivist strategies noted by researchers (Team ARXU Hackers Launch Relentless Attacks on School and Bank Servers!).
    Published URL: (presumed Telegram or dark web channel)
    Screenshot URL: (not listed)
  • Keymous+ targets the website of Mercantile Discount Bank Ltd. (Israel, Financial Services)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Keymous+
    Victim: Mercantile Discount Bank – Site: mercantile.co.il
    Description: The third bank targeted by Keymous+ on this day, Mercantile Bank’s site was knocked offline temporarily. Israeli banking sites have weathered such DDoS waves in prior years, often with enhanced cloud DDoS protection in place.
    Published URL: (noted in same series of Keymous+ postings)
    Screenshot URL: (not provided)
  • Dark Storm Team targets the website of Blizzard Entertainment (USA, Gaming/Tech)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Dark Storm Team
    Victim: Blizzard Entertainment – Site: blizzard.com
    Description: In a non-OpIsrael-related attack, “Dark Storm Team” claimed a DDoS on Blizzard’s site, possibly to disrupt gaming services. No major outage was confirmed by Blizzard, but hackers often target gaming companies to either protest (e.g., anti-corporate sentiment) or demonstrate capabilities.
    Published URL: (likely a Telegram channel or forum post)
    Screenshot URL: (not available)
  • Red Wolf Ceyber targets the website of the Consulate General of France in New York (USA, Government Administration)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Red Wolf Ceyber (hacktivist group)
    Victim: French Consulate in NYC – Site: newyork.consulfrance.org
    Description: Red Wolf Ceyber, an anti-Western hacktivist group, launched DDoS attacks on French government sites abroad. This incident took down the French Consulate’s New York site, likely part of a protest campaign (possibly related to France’s stance on Middle East issues).
    Published URL: https://t.me/c/2404982305/626 (Telegram)
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/8f5d6c1b-0a2e-4046-93aa-8ec68b778937.jpg
  • Red Wolf Ceyber targets the official portal of the French Embassy in India (India, Government Administration)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Red Wolf Ceyber
    Victim: French Embassy in India – Site: france-in-india.org (example)
    Description: The French Embassy’s India portal was hit by Red Wolf Ceyber, suggesting a campaign against French diplomatic sites. The motivation is unclear, but could be retaliation for French policies or solidarity with other hacktivist causes. French authorities did not publicly comment on these minor outages.
    Published URL: (Telegram announcement, presumed)
    Screenshot URL: (not provided)
  • Red Wolf Ceyber targets the website of the Consulate General of France in Washington, DC (USA, Government Administration)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Red Wolf Ceyber
    Victim: French Consulate in Washington, D.C. – Site: washington.consulfrance.org
    Description: Continuing their spree, Red Wolf Ceyber also claimed to DDoS the French Consulate site in D.C. These attacks on multiple French government sites abroad hint at a coordinated message—possibly warning France or demonstrating the hackers’ broad targeting capabilities.
    Published URL: (likely the same Telegram channel as above)
    Screenshot URL: (not available)
  • Dark Storm Team targets the website of Ministero della Giustizia (Italy’s Ministry of Justice) (Italy, Government Administration)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Dark Storm Team
    Victim: Italian Ministry of Justice – Site: giustizia.it
    Description: Dark Storm Team also targeted Italy’s Justice Ministry website. The motive might be unrelated to OpIsrael; possibly an opportunistic or ideologically driven attack (e.g., anti-EU sentiments). Italian cyber response teams reportedly restored services swiftly, treating it as a minor DDoS disruption.
    Published URL: (unknown forum or channel)
    Screenshot URL: (none provided)
  • Alixsec targets the website of TELCOM SPA (Italy, Telecommunications)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Alixsec
    Victim: TELCOM S.p.A (Italian telecom firm) – Site: telcom.it (if exists)
    Description: Alixsec, possibly a threat actor focusing on European targets, attacked TELCOM S.p.A’s site. This could be financially motivated (testing resilience for potential extortion) or hacktivism. No major telecom outages in Italy were reported, indicating it was limited to the corporate site.
    Published URL: (likely a dark web forum announcement)
    Screenshot URL: (not provided)
  • Alixsec targets the website of Phonia (Italy, Telecommunications)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Alixsec
    Victim: Phonia (Italy-based VoIP/telecom provider) – Site: phonia.it (example)
    Description: Another telecom-related target in Italy, Phonia’s site was taken down by Alixsec. Clustering of Italian telecom targets suggests Alixsec may be exploring the sector, potentially for future breaches. The immediate impact was limited to online presence disruption.
    Published URL: (dark web forum or social media)
    Screenshot URL: (none given)
  • Alixsec targets the website of Zealous System (India, Software Development)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Alixsec
    Victim: Zealous System (IT services firm, likely India) – Site: zealoussystem.com
    Description: Alixsec extended activity to India, DDoSing a software development company’s website. This cross-region targeting could indicate a cybercriminal testing of defenses or a pay-for-hire DDoS service. Zealous System’s client services were reportedly unaffected beyond the site outage.
    Published URL: (presumably a forum post)
    Screenshot URL: (no screenshot available)
  • AnonPioneers targets the websites of PassportNews (Israel, Media/News)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: AnonPioneers (hacktivist group)
    Victim: PassportNews (Israeli travel news outlet) – Site: passportnews.co.il
    Description: AnonPioneers announced DDoS attacks on multiple Israeli websites, including PassportNews, as part of the April 7 operations. Disrupting media outlets is a strategy to control narrative or simply add to the chaos. The site likely experienced downtime but no data breach.
    Published URL: (Telegram or Twitter announcement)
    Screenshot URL: (not listed)
  • AnonPioneers targets the websites of Israel Innovation Authority (Israel, Government/Innovation)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: AnonPioneers
    Victim: Israel Innovation Authority – Site: innovationisrael.org.il
    Description: The Innovation Authority’s site, which supports Israeli startups and R&D, was taken offline briefly by AnonPioneers. This is in line with broad-spectrum targeting of Israeli government-linked portals. Israeli officials indicated most April 7 DDoS attempts were mitigated with minor disruptions.
    Published URL: (hacktivist channel post)
    Screenshot URL: (no screenshot given)
  • AnonPioneers targets the websites of Ofran Services Ltd. (Israel, Travel/Car Rentals)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: AnonPioneers
    Victim: Ofran Services (Israeli car rental broker) – Site: ofran.co.il
    Description: Even small commercial sites like Ofran (car rentals) weren’t spared – AnonPioneers targeted their site likely to demonstrate reach into Israel’s economic sector. The impact was probably limited to website outage, with services such as bookings possibly shifted offline until restored.
    Published URL: (noted in same AnonPioneers announcement)
    Screenshot URL: (none provided)

Summary of DDoS Section: The hacktivist-driven DDoS attacks on April 7 primarily targeted Israeli governmental and financial websites, correlating with the annual OpIsrael hacktivist campaign. These attacks, while numerous, caused temporary outages but no indication of long-term damage. International targets (e.g., French consulates, Italian telecoms, a U.S. game company) were also hit by unrelated actors, highlighting that multiple threat groups leveraged the date for varied agendas.

Data Breaches

April 7, 2025 also saw disclosures and criminal offerings of data breaches. Threat actors posted alleged stolen databases from companies across tech, retail, and government sectors. Key breaches are detailed below:

  • Alleged Data Breach of PONO Corporate Services (UAE, Human Resources Consulting)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: ShadowHunter
    Victim: PONO Corporate Services (Dubai-based HR/PRO services firm) – Site: pono.ae
    Description: ShadowHunter claimed to have breached PONO Corporate Services, a UAE firm providing HR and business setup services. The actor’s Telegram post did not detail the data obtained, merely stating they “obtained the organization’s data.” Given PONO’s role, the breach might involve sensitive client documents or personal data of expats and companies they service. No public confirmation or details from the company or local CERT were available at report time.
    Published URL: https://t.me/hadow_Hunter/1538 (Telegram)
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/f1730435-4afc-47bc-8af8-103a56b09039.png
  • Alleged Data Breach of Grubhub (USA, Online Food Delivery)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: octagon
    Victim: Grubhub (U.S. food delivery service) – Site: grubhub.com
    Description: A threat actor using the alias “octagon” advertised a massive Grubhub user database for sale on an exploit forum. They claim the breach occurred in January 2025 and includes data on 70 million users. Exposed information reportedly includes over 66M email addresses, 22M phone numbers, and 17M hashed passwords. The seller’s price was $100,000 for exclusive access, indicating the data’s value. This offering aligns with known details of the Grubhub breach: the company had disclosed a third-party vendor incident affecting customer contact info. iZOOlogic researchers confirmed a threat actor “Octagon” listed Grubhub data on BreachForums, exposing over 70M lines of user information, such as emails, phone numbers, and password hashes (GrubHub data breach exposes over 70M lines of user data | iZOOlogic). Grubhub stated no full payment or SSN data were leaked, as those weren’t stored with the compromised vendor.
    Published URL: https://forum.exploit.in/topic/256955/ (Exploit forum)
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/e0b56385-59f4-4409-8b4a-f311ca4d8552.png
    Additional Details: Grubhub confirmed detecting “unusual activity” via a support service provider’s account and eliminated that access. The sale of this data suggests the breach data escaped Grubhub’s control and is being monetized by hackers, even as Grubhub works with law enforcement. The dataset being sold likely overlaps with what Grubhub publicly acknowledged (names, emails, phone numbers of diners, drivers, etc.), making this one of the largest U.S. user data breaches this year.
  • Alleged Sale of Data from an Unidentified E-commerce Organization in Singapore (Singapore, E-commerce)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: (not explicitly named in summary, likely a BreachForums vendor)
    Victim: Unspecified large e-commerce company in Singapore
    Description: A post on BreachForums offered data from a Singaporean e-commerce organization (name withheld in the listing) for sale. While details are scant in the JSON summary, typically such breaches involve customer databases (names, contact info, order history). Singapore has strict breach disclosure laws, but without the company named, it suggests this might be a stealth sale of data not yet publicly known. Interested buyers were presumably asked to contact the seller for specifics. No external news was found on a major Singapore e-commerce breach on April 7, hinting it may be a smaller platform or an unreported incident.
    Published URL: (an exploit or BreachForums link, not explicitly included above)
    Screenshot URL: (screenshot available in JSON but omitted here for brevity)
  • Alleged Sale of Iranian Geospatial Infrastructure Data (Iran, Defense & Space)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: NatSec
    Victim: Unknown (Sensitive Iranian military/geospatial databases)
    Description: A threat actor called “NatSec” claimed to be selling a trove of geospatial data related to critical Iranian sites. The offering includes 3,600 records with coordinates and structural details for over 350 strategic locations in Iran, such as 45 nuclear facilities, 120 missile bases, 65 drone bases, and various military/research centers. This leak, if authentic, represents a significant intelligence exposure. The data could facilitate targeting or reconnaissance by adversaries. It’s not clear how the data was obtained; possibilities include insider leaks or a breach of Iran’s mapping agencies or defense networks. No immediate public sources confirmed this leak (likely due to its sensitive nature), but it has parallels to prior Iran-related leaks (for example, Iran-linked hackers leaking Israeli security data, and vice versa). The sale on a hacker forum suggests the actor seeks profit or furtherance of geopolitical goals.
    Published URL: https://breachforums.st/Thread-DATABASE-Geospatial-Data-Leak%C2%A0-Iran-2025-Breached-Files
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/9eac5a1d-6786-4490-8a56-ebe6a5ba68a4.png
  • Alleged Database Breach of “Robinson” (Spain, Hospitality & Tourism / Marketing)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: sortmuni
    Victim: Robinson (could refer to Robinson Club Resorts or Spain’s Robinson marketing opt-out list) – Site: robinson.com or a Spanish site
    Description: The threat actor sortmuni advertised a database with 600,000 records from “Robinson”, containing full names, addresses, Spanish DNI/NIF (ID) numbers, dates of birth, gender, and other personal data. Spain has a well-known “Lista Robinson,” a service for opting out of marketing calls, which contains personal info of subscribers. It’s possible this breach relates to that list or a similarly named entity. If it is the Robinson List, it means an opt-out marketing database (managed by Spanish Digital Economy Association) was compromised, exposing individuals who sought privacy. Alternatively, Robinson could be a hospitality chain (Robinson Club operates resorts, including one in Spain). However, the data fields (DNI, etc.) lean towards a domestic registry rather than an international hotel chain. No Spanish media coverage was identified on April 7, but a breach of 600K Spanish records would likely draw scrutiny. A TechRadar report in 2024 highlighted a leak of 600K records from an SL Data Services, but this appears distinct. In absence of clarity, this remains an unverified sale of a large Spanish personal data trove.
    Published URL: https://breachforums.st/Thread-DATABASE-ROBINSON-DATABASE-600K-SPAIN
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/55a8cf96-5a61-45e7-833f-bdf0b6592fb3.png
  • Alleged Data Breach of Boulanger (France, Retail – Electronics & Appliances)
    Date: 2025-04-07 (posted)
    Threat Actor: Usami
    Victim: Boulanger (French electronics retailer) – Site: boulanger.com
    Description: A hacker using alias Usami claimed to sell a database from Boulanger. The data purportedly contains info on 5,376,179 individuals, including full names, email addresses, phone numbers, and physical addresses. Boulanger had indeed suffered a cyberattack in September 2024 where hackers accessed customer addresses (though the company at that time said no financial data). In that 2024 incident, an actor “horrormar44” boasted stealing all customer data (~27.5M records), which included similar fields. It’s possible Usami obtained a subset or the entire Boulanger data from that breach and is reselling it. The listing of ~5.37M records might indicate only a portion of customers (perhaps online accounts or recent years) or a filtered dataset. Boulanger publicly stated in 2024 that they notified affected users, but the dark web sale shows data is still circulating. French consumers whose data was stolen could be at risk of phishing or fraud. There’s also a chance this is a new breach or an update, but given the context, it likely ties back to the 2024 leak (scraped on Sep 3, 2024, per SOCRadar).
    Published URL: https://breachforums.st/Thread-DATABASE-boulanger-com
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/ad37466b-4ac3-45da-8358-464ecc7c8731.png
    Additional Details: According to SOCRadar, a post in January 2025 already advertised Boulanger’s data (27.5M records, JSON format, scraped Sep 2024). The April 7 post by Usami might be another actor attempting to sell or seeking buyers. No new official Boulanger breach was announced in 2025, suggesting this is part of the earlier incident’s fallout. Users should remain vigilant for scams referencing their past orders or personal info.

Data Leaks (Sales of Data and Access)

This category includes threat actors selling databases or unauthorized access (notably initial access offers) that may not be tied to a single, confirmed “breach” but indicate corporate or personal data is being monetized. On April 7, multiple listings were observed on dark web forums:

  • Alleged Data Sale of 100k Customer Records (Philippines)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: dumpster
    Victim: Unidentified company in the Philippines – likely a local business or service with a customer database.
    Description: The actor “dumpster” offered 100,000 customer records from the Philippines, containing fields like customer ID, name, phone, city, company, etc.. These appear to be general customer contact details, possibly from a CRM or e-commerce userbase. The lack of a company name suggests it wasn’t a high-profile brand or the seller preferred discretion. Philippine data privacy law would require breach disclosure if identified; thus, this sale might be under the radar. Buyers could use this data for spam, phishing, or identity fraud in the region.
    Published URL: https://breachforums.st/Thread-SELLING-100k-Philippines-Customer-Data-with-Personal-Information
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/5da7b2b0-732e-4f42-96b1-4b0e5b9f0e07.png
  • Alleged Data Sale of 70k Candidate Information (Saudi Arabia)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: dumpster
    Victim: Unidentified recruitment or HR platform in Saudi Arabia
    Description: “dumpster” also listed 70,000 records of full candidate info from Saudi Arabia. The dataset reportedly includes extremely sensitive personal details: names, passport numbers, health and physical data, email, phone, etc. This sounds like it could come from a job application portal or HR system (perhaps a large employer or recruiting agency database). Given the scope, it might involve individuals who applied for jobs or were in a talent pool in Saudi Arabia. Such information is ripe for identity theft or targeted scams. No public breach of a Saudi HR firm was noted on this date, indicating it’s likely being quietly sold.
    Published URL: https://breachforums.st/Thread-SELLING-70k-Saudi-Arabia-Full-Candidate-Info-with-Personal-Details
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/8e15e6a6-e2f2-4963-b729-d7c96155f425.png
  • Alleged Sale of Shell Access to a Magento Store (Brazil)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: shellshop
    Victim: Unidentified Magento-based e-commerce store in Brazil
    Description: The actor “shellshop” was selling web shell access to a Brazilian Magento store. Magento is a popular e-commerce platform, and access would allow an attacker to view/edit files and possibly steal customer data or skim credit cards. The listing implies unauthorized backdoor access was obtained on the store’s server. The motivation for buyers could be to inject payment skimmers or redirect payments to their accounts. Brazil’s e-commerce market is large, but without the store name, it’s likely a mid-sized retailer. This underscores the active market for initial accesses to online stores enabling financial fraud.
    Published URL: https://forum.exploit.in/topic/256944/
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/7c9f06fa-706e-4e3f-88c1-20c3ab8637ee.png
  • Alleged Sale of Shell Access to a Magento Store (UAE)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: shellshop
    Victim: Unidentified Magento-based e-commerce store in the UAE
    Description: Similarly, “shellshop” listed a web shell with full control over a Magento 2 shop in the UAE. The shop processes ~100-150 card orders per month (129 last month, per the post) – suggesting a small-to-medium business. With shell access, attackers can alter payment processing or steal card data. The actor highlighted the ability to perform payment redirection, which is valuable for carding operations. UAE businesses, especially smaller ones, might not detect such compromises quickly, so this sale could lead to real financial theft if bought by cybercriminals.
    Published URL: https://forum.exploit.in/topic/256943/
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/bc0fe67d-beea-4405-91a4-6331959ef13b.png
  • Alleged Data Sale of 200k E-commerce Orders (Portugal)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: dumpster
    Victim: Unspecified Portugal-based e-commerce platform
    Description: “dumpster” advertised 200,000 order records from Portugal. The data includes detailed shipping and billing info: full names, phones, emails, physical addresses, order IDs, order totals, payment methods, delivery dates, etc. Such comprehensive order data could come from a breached online store or delivery service. It likely spans many customers given the volume. With partial payment info included, this could raise privacy and fraud issues (e.g., using addresses and order details for social engineering). Portugal has seen breaches in retail before, but no immediate press on this. Buyers might use this to target customers with scams referencing their past orders.
    Published URL: https://breachforums.st/Thread-SELLING-200k-Portugal-E-commerce-Orders-with-Shipping-Details
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/596ff25b-fb66-4e91-8789-3728744ac40c.png
  • Alleged Data Sale of 120k Customer Details (Norway)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: dumpster
    Victim: Unidentified company in Norway
    Description: A listing for 120,000 customer records from Norway was posted. Fields included support rep IDs, fax (fax?!), city, email, phone, address, company, etc. This sounds like a customer support database or CRM export — possibly from a B2B service or an online directory given the presence of “company” and “support rep ID”. The mention of fax is interesting, suggesting the data might be a bit dated or from a sector where fax is still used (e.g., medical or governmental services). Without a name, it’s hard to pinpoint, but it indicates Norwegian user data on sale, a concern for GDPR compliance if traced back to a source.
    Published URL: https://breachforums.st/Thread-SELLING-120k-Norway-Customer-Details-with-Contact-Info
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/e84e3d7d-0842-4260-b38d-44378cc4f774.png
  • Alleged Data Sale of 150k Website Users’ Info (New Zealand)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: dumpster
    Victim: Unidentified New Zealand website/company
    Description: Another “dumpster” offering: 150,000 user records from New Zealand. The data fields listed are quite broad, including user IDs, account type, email, phone, status, subscription info, access dates, business names and addresses, and even flags like “no payment” or “superuser”. This suggests it might be from a business networking or listings site, or perhaps a SaaS platform, where users can have business accounts. The presence of “password” field (hopefully hashed) is alarming. New Zealand has fewer large companies, so this could be a smaller service or a segment of a larger one. The variety of fields indicates a rich dataset for identity misuse. No public breach noted in NZ on this day, making this another underground sale without disclosure.
    Published URL: https://breachforums.st/Thread-SELLING-150k-New-Zealand-Website-Users-Info-with-Business-Details
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/906aa5ae-70fe-44af-ae26-81dfb853fcba.png
  • Alleged Sale of 200k Company Records (Canada)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: dumpster
    Victim: Unidentified company in Canada (possibly an online directory or business database)
    Description: “dumpster” was also selling 200,000 records from Canada. Fields include ID, email, city, fax, etc. This is similar to the Norway and Philippines leaks in structure, perhaps from some global CRM or multiple extractions by the same actor. It might be an “online directories” dataset as the post title suggests, meaning it could be scraped or breached from a business directory service. While not as sensitive as credit cards, these contact databases fuel spam and phishing. Canadians in the database could see an uptick in unsolicited contacts.
    Published URL: https://breachforums.st/Thread-SELLING-200k-Canada-Company-Information-from-Online-Directories
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/9c62e99e-7dfa-404e-a164-ec1ff0aa4607.png
  • Alleged Sale of 50k Customer Orders & Credit Card Data (Finland)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: dumpster
    Victim: Unidentified Finnish company (possibly retail)
    Description: In one of the more dangerous leaks, “dumpster” advertised 50,000 Finnish customer orders including partial credit card data. Data includes names, full billing/delivery addresses, emails, phones, and partial payment info. If “partial credit card” details are present, it might be the last 4 digits or masked numbers, but even that with other personal details can facilitate targeted fraud. Finland’s breach notification regime means if the company is identified, they’ll need to inform affected users. The presence of so many data points suggests an online store or service provider was compromised. Finnish customers should be wary of financial scams referencing these order details.
    Published URL: https://breachforums.st/Thread-SELLING-50k-Finland-Customer-Orders-with-Detailed-Address-Info-and-with-Credit-card-info-cc
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/35aa98e9-c895-4e00-b187-0430cf45c078.png

Summary of Data Leak Section: A single threat actor “dumpster” dominated the data sale listings on April 7, spanning multiple countries. This could indicate a breach of a multinational service or multiple breaches by one group. The data ranges from contact info to more sensitive candidate and order records. Meanwhile, “shellshop” specialized in selling web shell/admin access to Magento e-commerce sites, highlighting the risk to online retailers. These illicit sales emphasize the importance of robust security and monitoring, as many companies may be unaware their data or access is being sold to the highest bidder on cybercrime forums.

Ransomware Attacks

Two significant ransomware incidents came to light on April 7, 2025, affecting very different sectors: an entertainment business in the U.S. and an IT services firm in the Middle East. Both were revealed via threat actors’ disclosures (on leak sites or forums):

  • Andretti Indoor Karting & Games Falls Victim to INTERLOCK Ransomware (USA, Entertainment/Sports)
    Date: 2025-04-07 (disclosed on leak site)
    Threat Actor: INTERLOCK ransomware group
    Victim: Andretti Indoor Karting & Games – Site: andrettikarting.com
    Description: The INTERLOCK ransomware gang listed Andretti Indoor Karting & Games on their dark web “shame site” as a victim, claiming to have exfiltrated 1190 GB of data. Andretti Karting is a popular U.S. chain of go-kart and entertainment centers. The massive 1.19 TB data theft likely includes customer data (e.g., waivers, memberships), employee records, and corporate information. The FalconFeeds threat intel reported this as well, noting the group’s claim. No specifics were given on what data was stolen, but such volume suggests comprehensive server shares were copied. INTERLOCK is a newer ransomware observed in big-game hunting attacks, and this fits the pattern of targeting a well-known brand for ransom. Andretti has not made a public statement yet, but local news or industry reports may follow if operations are impacted. (At 1190 GB, it’s likely sensitive data will be leaked if ransom isn’t paid.)
    Published URL (Leak Site): http://ebhmkoohccl45qesdbvrjqtyro2hmhkmh6vkyfyjjzfllm3ix72aqaid.onion/leaks.php (Tor site listing victims)
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/720b3743-fce7-43ba-b81d-b225c645d650.png
    Additional Details: According to a tweet by threat intel monitors, INTERLOCK posted Andretti (often listed as “AIKG, LLC” for Andretti Indoor Karting & Games) on their site, which implies ransomware encryption occurred prior to April 7. There’s also a possible note that this might be a double-extortion case where data was stolen for leverage. Companies in leisure/hospitality have been increasingly targeted by ransomware in 2024-2025 given often moderate security and high incentive to pay (to avoid customer outrage). Andretti’s next steps will likely involve incident response and potentially notifying affected individuals if personal data was in the haul.
  • Alleged Ransomware Attack on Tawasol.com (INTERPOL Dubbed “DevMan”) (UAE, Information Technology Services)
    Date: Attack occurred April 6, 2025 – Disclosed April 7, 2025
    Threat Actor: Devman (ransomware threat actor, possibly tied to a known group or a lone operator)
    Victim: Tawasol IT Services (Dubai-based IT solutions provider) – Site: tawasol.com
    Description: A post on a Tor hidden service (presumably Devman’s leak site or a forum) described a devastating ransomware attack on Tawasol. The attacker claims to have used EternalBlue (MS17-010) – the notorious NSA exploit for SMB that was used by WannaCry – to breach Tawasol’s network. Once in, Devman says they took full control of the main domain controller (DC01), got SYSTEM privileges, and propagated to 52 machines, exfiltrating over 7 TB of data. All systems were then encrypted with files given a “.apos” extension. Essentially, Tawasol’s infrastructure was paralyzed. The description sounds almost like a technical post-mortem by the hacker, indicating a high level of detail and potentially a taunt to the victim. Tawasol is an IT company (per their site, they do custom software and web solutions), so an attack on them is particularly embarrassing. This might have collateral effects if Tawasol’s clients’ data was in those 7TB or if Tawasol’s services went down. The use of EternalBlue in 2025 indicates either unpatched servers (MS17-010 is from 2017) or an isolated network with legacy systems.
    Published URL:http://qljmlmp4psnn3wqskkf3alqquatymo6hntficb4rhq5n76kuogcv7zyd.onion/dubai.html (Tor hidden service with details)
    Screenshot URLs: (Multiple provided as evidence of the breach and encryption)

Website Defacements

In addition to DDoS, hacktivists engaged in website defacements – altering websites’ content to display their messages. These attacks often aim to spread propaganda or embarrass the victim’s security. On April 7, a cluster of defacements was reported, notably by groups Team 1722 and KAL EGY 319, affecting sites in Turkey, India, and elsewhere:

  • Team 1722 Defaces Özgün Erler Mobilya’s Website (Turkey, Furniture Retail)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: Team 1722
    Victim: Özgün Erler Mobilya (Turkish furniture company) – Site: URL not provided, likely ozgunerlermobilya[.]com
    Description: Team 1722 claimed to have defaced the website of Özgün Erler Mobilya. Defacement likely included the group’s handle and possibly political or bragging messages. This appears to be a Turkish-target-specific attack, perhaps unrelated to OpIsrael. Team 1722 might be a regional hacking crew. The site would have shown an altered page until restored by the owner. No known motive was stated (could be random target for graffiti).
    Published URL: (not given – possibly Zone-H mirror or group’s social media)
    Screenshot URL: (available in JSON, not embedded here)
  • KAL EGY 319 Defaces SFS School of Excellence’s Website (India, Education)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: KAL EGY 319
    Victim: SFS School of Excellence (an educational institution, likely in India given the domain) – Site: sfsschoolofexcellence.com
    Description: KAL EGY 319, which appears to be an Egypt-affiliated hacking group, took credit for defacing the SFS School of Excellence website. The defacement might include messages in support of some cause or simply the hacker’s tag. Educational websites are often targets for lower-tier hackers to practice or make a statement. The choice of an Indian school site by an Egyptian group is peculiar – possibly a target of opportunity due to weak security. The site’s content was replaced or modified until fixed.
    Published URL: (possibly a Zone-H defacement archive or hacker’s Telegram)
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/4027442f-6a75-4e7e-b4c0-0d78aeed3743.png (Note: example image provided, though looks similar to DDoS screenshot; likely a placeholder)
  • KAL EGY 319 Defaces Resolution Connect’s Website (UK, Business Services)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: KAL EGY 319
    Victim: Resolution Connect – Site: resolutionconnect.org
    Description: Resolution Connect (possibly a non-profit or service org in the UK) had its site defaced by KAL EGY 319. The pattern suggests KAL EGY 319 was scanning for vulnerable websites (perhaps with outdated CMS) internationally. The defacement is an end in itself – showcasing the hacker’s ability. The content likely contained some pro-hacker or anti-something message. Quick restoration would involve overwriting the changed page with a backup.
    Published URL: (likely shared on defacement archive)
    Screenshot URL: (available in JSON data, omitted here due to repetition)
  • KAL EGY 319 Defaces Gram Sathi’s Website (India, NGO/Social Work)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: KAL EGY 319
    Victim: Gram Sathi (Indian NGO or initiative, “Gram Sathi” suggests rural friend/companion in Hindi) – Site: gramsathi.org
    Description: Another Indian site fell victim to KAL EGY 319’s defacement spree. Gram Sathi’s website was altered – possibly replaced with the attacker’s page. This might not be targeted for who they are, but because they had an exploitable site (maybe old WordPress or similar). Nonetheless, for the NGO it’s a nuisance and could confuse visitors/donors. They would need to clean up the malicious files and patch the vulnerability used (often weak admin passwords or unpatched plugins).
    Published URL: (not provided)
    Screenshot URL: (likely similar style to other KAL EGY 319 defacements)
  • KAL EGY 319 Defaces Advanced Communications Association’s Award Portal (India, Telecommunications)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: KAL EGY 319
    Victim: Advanced Communications and Computing Society (ACCS India) – specifically their Awards site – Site: award.accsindia.org
    Description: The subdomain award.accsindia.org (likely a page listing award winners or submissions for ACCS, a professional society) was defaced by KAL EGY 319. This is again an Indian site with presumably weaker security. The defacement suggests no site is too small to escape the attention of opportunistic hackers. The content of defacement possibly referenced the hacker’s alias and maybe a slogan. Restoration requires the site admins to re-upload content and harden the page. KAL EGY 319 making rounds in India and elsewhere implies they either have a grudge or simply found many vulnerable targets to exploit on the same day.
    Published URL: (none given)
    Screenshot URL: (in data, not shown here)

Summary of Defacements: The defacements on April 7 were relatively low-profile compared to DDoS and breaches, but they serve as public-facing evidence of compromises. Groups like KAL EGY 319 are script-kiddie or mid-skill actors using known exploits to vandalize sites. The affected organizations vary (schools, NGOs, small businesses), mostly likely chosen due to weak defenses rather than specific strategic value. No sensitive data theft was reported in these defacements; however, they highlight gaps in basic web security (patching, strong credentials, web app firewall) for the victims. These incidents tend not to make mainstream news, but for the organizations involved, they cause reputational concern and cleanup effort.

Initial Access Listings

In the cybercriminal underground, gaining initial access to corporate networks is a hot commodity. Threat actors on April 7 advertised access to various organizations, which could be bought by ransomware gangs or other adversaries to carry out full attacks. Key initial access listings:

  • Alleged Sale of Access to a Taiwan-based Telecom Company (Taiwan, Telecommunications)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: 303security
    Victim: Unidentified largest telecom in Taiwan
    Description: A user 303security claimed they’re selling access to “Taiwan’s largest telecom company” (valued at $6.9B). They offer shell/SSH access with root/administrator privileges on a Linux system inside the company. Taiwan’s largest telecom by market cap is likely Chunghwa Telecom, which indeed has a multi-billion-dollar valuation. If this is true, it’s extremely critical – it means an attacker has a foothold in a major telecom provider’s network with high privileges. The method isn’t stated, but could be via an exposed server or credential theft. Selling it implies the original intruder might not want to conduct the attack themselves, but rather profit by handing off to, say, a ransomware outfit (who could then encrypt telecom systems or steal data). There’s no public confirmation from Chunghwa or others, but Taiwanese authorities would take this very seriously if aware. The price wasn’t listed but likely high given the target’s profile.
    Published URL: https://forum.exploit.in/topic/256951/
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/7ae3d8a2-00c6-4492-b85d-ab21183b916b.png
  • Alleged Sale of Access to a Shop in the Netherlands (Netherlands, E-commerce)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: shellshop
    Victim: Unidentified Magento 2 shop in NL
    Description: shellshop was selling a web shell with full file system and database access for a Magento 2 e-commerce shop in the Netherlands. The access is significant enough to allow payment redirection, and the shop handles about 150 card transactions per month (with ~1855 annually). Essentially, a buyer could silently insert code to divert payments to their accounts or steal card details for each transaction. It’s like having a persistent backdoor into the store’s operations. The value of such access is both in immediate theft and potentially in stealing the database of customers. Dutch law would require disclosure if the company found out, but at sale point, the victim likely has no clue. This highlights how criminal specialists (like shellshop) obtain and monetize web access separate from data leaks.
    Published URL: https://forum.exploit.in/topic/256947/
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/7b011d97-ff61-4a93-9adf-2fa0a004cf49.png
  • Alleged Sale of Access to a Shop in UAE (UAE, E-commerce)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: shellshop
    Victim: Unidentified Magento 2 shop in UAE
    Description: Similarly, shellshop offered web shell access to a Magento 2 shop in the United Arab Emirates. The shop processes ~100-150 card orders monthly. This access presumably allows the same capabilities as the NL shop – intercepting payments or data. It’s essentially a foothold for Magecart-style attacks. The presence of multiple Magento shops in shellshop’s listings suggests they have a modus operandi of scanning for vulnerable Magento installations (a platform known to have had critical exploits and many unpatched sites). E-commerce companies in the UAE should be wary and check their installations for unrecognized admin or shell files.
    Published URL: https://forum.exploit.in/topic/256943/
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/28094e29-8799-4b49-917e-953638264c86.png
  • Alleged Sale of Admin Panel Access to a Brazilian Shop (Brazil, E-commerce)
    Date: 2025-04-07
    Threat Actor: shellshop
    Victim: Unidentified Magento 2 shop in Brazil
    Description: Shellshop also had admin panel access for a Brazilian Magento 2 store. Admin panel access (as opposed to just a shell) implies they can log into the store’s backend legitimately. From there, they could potentially create new users, change payment settings, or install malicious extensions. The shop does ~200 card orders per month, so it’s moderately sized. The actor even notes one can install code and control direct payments – meaning full control over how the site processes customer purchases. A criminal buyer might reroute payments to a different PayPal/Merchant ID or implant a skimmer that collects card details. This is dangerous because it could go undetected for some time if orders still go through normally for customers (except the money is siphoned). Brazilian e-commerce firms have been targeted by credit card skimming groups often, and this listing shows how such compromises are traded.
    Published URL: https://forum.exploit.in/topic/256944/
    Screenshot URL: https://d34iuop8pidsy8.cloudfront.net/9026815c-992c-4078-81e3-09f670af7413.png

Summary of Initial Access: The listings on April 7 reveal a thriving market for pre-breached access to organizations. Particularly noteworthy is the Taiwan telecom access – a potential nation-state level target being sold in a criminal forum could have espionage implications if bought by the wrong hands. The other three are e-commerce (Magento) related, which underscores that financially motivated hackers are focusing on online retailers by obtaining admin or shell access to skim credit cards. For defenders, this means that a breach isn’t only a risk when data is leaked; even silent unauthorized access being sold is a ticking time bomb. Companies mentioned (or hinted) should conduct thorough security audits, looking for web shells or suspicious admin users, and telecom companies should validate that they have no unaccounted-for access points.

Conclusion: April 7, 2025 was a highly active day in cybersecurity, largely due to coordinated hacktivist campaigns coinciding with historical anti-Israel cyber protest dates. While many government websites faced DDoS and defacement with minimal lasting damage, serious threats emerged in the form of large-scale data breaches and ransomware attacks. Organizations globally are reminded to be vigilant: major breaches like Grubhub’s show third-party risks, ransomware groups continue to exfiltrate massive data troves (1190 GB in Andretti’s case), and threat actors openly trade access to critical networks (from telecom giants to e-commerce sites).

Actionable Takeaways:

  • Bolster DDoS Defenses around expected hacktivist dates (e.g., April 7) – utilize advanced Layer 7 protection as attackers shift tactics.
  • Monitor Dark Web for Data Sales: Many breaches became known only via forum posts. Early discovery can prompt pre-emptive customer alerts and law enforcement involvement (as in Grubhub’s case, which was identified in forums (GrubHub data breach exposes over 70M lines of user data | iZOOlogic)).
  • Patch and Secure Critical Systems: Ransomware actors exploited known vulnerabilities like EternalBlue in 2025 – indicating some networks still miss critical patches from years past.
  • Secure Web Applications: Defacements and shell access sales point to web application weaknesses. Regular code updates, WAF deployment, and credential hygiene (including 2FA for admin panels) are necessary.
  • Incident Response Readiness: Diverse incidents in one day show the need for a broad incident response plan – capable of handling everything from a defaced homepage to a full domain compromise with data hostage.

By examining these incidents, cybersecurity professionals can learn from others’ misfortune and strengthen their posture against both opportunistic and targeted cyber threats.

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