South Korea has once again deferred its decision regarding Google’s request to transfer high-precision map data to international servers. This marks the third time the U.S.-based tech giant has sought approval from the South Korean government, following previous attempts in 2011 and 2016.
Background and Context
Google’s mapping services in South Korea currently utilize a 1:25,000 scale map, which offers limited detail compared to the 1:5,000 scale maps used by domestic providers like Naver Maps, Kakao Maps, and TMaps. These local services provide more detailed and accurate navigation, including information on narrow streets and alleys, which are common in South Korean cities.
In February 2025, Google submitted an application to the National Geographic Information Institute (NGII), seeking permission to deploy a 1:5,000 scale map in South Korea and to transfer this data to its overseas servers. The NGII, under the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, is responsible for managing the country’s geographic data.
National Security Concerns
The South Korean government has consistently cited national security concerns as the primary reason for restricting the export of high-resolution mapping data. The country remains technically at war with North Korea, and there are fears that detailed geographic information could be exploited for military purposes. In previous negotiations, the government proposed that Google blur sensitive military installations and other critical infrastructure on its maps. However, Google declined to implement these measures, stating that such alterations would compromise the quality and accuracy of its services.
Local Industry and Economic Implications
Beyond security issues, there are economic considerations at play. Local mapping services like Naver Maps, Kakao Maps, and TMaps dominate the South Korean market, offering detailed and reliable navigation tailored to the local context. These services are deeply integrated into the daily lives of South Koreans, providing not only navigation but also real-time traffic updates, public transportation information, and location-based services.
Critics argue that allowing Google to transfer high-resolution map data overseas could undermine local businesses and lead to a loss of control over critical geographic information. There are also concerns about data privacy and the potential for foreign entities to access sensitive information.
Google’s Position and Global Operations
Google has expressed disappointment over the repeated delays and rejections. The company argues that restrictions on exporting local mapping data hinder the development of innovative services and inconvenience users, particularly foreign tourists who rely on Google Maps for navigation. Google also points out that similar data is available through satellite imagery and other sources, suggesting that the restrictions may be more about protecting local industries than genuine security concerns.
Globally, Google operates data centers in various countries, including Singapore, Taiwan, Japan, Thailand, and Malaysia. However, the company has not established a data center in South Korea, which has been a point of contention in negotiations. The South Korean government has indicated that hosting data domestically could alleviate some security concerns, but Google has yet to commit to this approach.
Impact on Users and Tourism
The limitations of Google Maps in South Korea have practical implications for users. Foreign tourists often find it challenging to navigate the country using Google Maps due to incomplete data and lack of support for multiple languages. This has led many visitors to rely on local apps, which may not offer the same level of familiarity or integration with other services they use.
The South Korean government recognizes the importance of providing reliable navigation services to support tourism, especially with major international events on the horizon. However, balancing these needs with national security and economic interests remains a complex challenge.
Future Prospects
The deadline for the government’s decision has been extended to August 11, 2025. During this period, further discussions are expected between Google and South Korean authorities. Key issues to be addressed include potential compromises on data handling, such as blurring sensitive sites or establishing local data centers, and the broader implications for national security and the domestic tech industry.
As the situation evolves, stakeholders from various sectors, including government agencies, local businesses, and international tech companies, will be closely monitoring developments. The outcome of this decision could set a precedent for how South Korea manages its geographic data in the context of global digital services and national security considerations.
